Marlin 22 Magazine bolt motion rifles supply a compelling mix of affordability and accuracy, making them a favourite amongst shooters of all talent ranges. From plinking within the yard to specific goal observe, this versatile platform excels. This information delves into the specifics, exploring its options, efficiency, and upkeep, offering a complete understanding of this fashionable rimfire rifle.
Uncover the historical past and evolution of the Marlin 22 Magazine, exploring its place throughout the taking pictures group. We’ll examine fashions, analyzing their efficiency and accuracy traits. A more in-depth take a look at ergonomics and customization choices will enable you personalize your taking pictures expertise. Moreover, upkeep and troubleshooting guides are offered for a seamless possession expertise. Lastly, the sensible makes use of of the rifle and protected dealing with procedures are emphasised to make sure accountable possession.
Overview of Marlin 22 Magazine Bolt Motion Rifles
The Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifle is a well-liked alternative for leisure shooters and people searching for a dependable, reasonably priced possibility for plinking and small sport looking. Its easy design and sturdy development make it a go-to firearm for fans of all expertise ranges. This overview delves into the specifics of this platform, highlighting its key options and evaluating numerous fashions to assist in knowledgeable buying selections.The Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifles are identified for his or her easy design, which interprets to each ease of use and reliability.
They usually function a strong, often-blued metal receiver, contributing to their sturdiness. These rifles are usually a terrific possibility for shooters searching for a reliable and budget-friendly firearm for numerous taking pictures actions.
Key Options and Traits
Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifles are acknowledged for his or her easy design and reasonably priced worth level. This accessibility makes them a favourite amongst novice shooters and skilled fans alike. These rifles are usually easy to keep up and function, a key benefit for brand spanking new shooters. The mix of affordability, simplicity, and reliability has solidified their place out there.
Historic Significance
The Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifle has a wealthy historical past within the taking pictures group, owing to its affordability and reliability. Its recognition has been constant all through a number of generations, proving its worth to a large spectrum of shooters. These rifles are incessantly present in taking pictures ranges and personal collections, demonstrating their enduring attraction.
Comparability of Marlin 22 Magazine Bolt-Motion Fashions
Mannequin | Caliber | Capability | Barrel Size (in) | Weight (lbs) | Inventory Materials | Worth (USD, approximate) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mannequin 795 | .22 Magnum | 5 rounds | 20 | 6.5 | Wooden | $350-$450 |
Mannequin 795 (with scope mount) | .22 Magnum | 5 rounds | 20 | 6.5 | Wooden | $400-$500 |
Mannequin 60 | .22 Magnum | 5 rounds | 18 | 6 | Wooden | $250-$350 |
The desk above presents a comparative overview of various Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action fashions, highlighting their variations in specs and options. Every mannequin presents a novel steadiness of worth, efficiency, and options. Cautious consideration of those elements is essential when choosing probably the most appropriate mannequin for a person’s wants.
Efficiency and Accuracy
The Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifle, a preferred alternative for plinking and goal taking pictures, presents a compelling mix of affordability and dependable efficiency. Understanding its accuracy traits and the elements influencing it’s key to maximizing your taking pictures expertise.This rifle’s efficiency, whereas not designed for excessive precision, is sort of succesful for leisure taking pictures. Its inherent steadiness of worth, energy, and accuracy makes it a favourite amongst many fans.
Accuracy Traits, Marlin 22 magazine bolt motion
The Marlin 22 Magazine’s accuracy is usually good for its class and worth level. Whereas not competing with custom-built rifles, it delivers constant outcomes when correctly dealt with and maintained. Its accuracy is considerably influenced by the chosen ammunition and the rifle’s situation.
Components Affecting Accuracy
A number of key parts affect the accuracy of any rifle, together with the Marlin 22 Magazine. Barrel size, set off pull, and the standard of the ammunition all play vital roles.
- Barrel Size: An extended barrel permits for extra time for the bullet to stabilize in flight, usually resulting in elevated accuracy. This can be a normal rule; different elements, like bullet design, play a task. Shorter barrels could be extra maneuverable however usually sacrifice accuracy. An extended barrel, whereas usually extra correct, may also be much less transportable.
- Set off Pull: A crisp, constant set off pull is crucial. A heavy or erratic set off can introduce undesirable inconsistencies in photographs, resulting in diminished accuracy. A lightweight and predictable set off permits for extra managed photographs, in the end growing accuracy.
- Ammunition: The kind of ammunition used instantly impacts the accuracy and efficiency of the rifle. Various kinds of bullets and powder hundreds will yield totally different outcomes. This can be a crucial issue. Excessive-quality ammunition usually yields higher outcomes, with constant accuracy and constant efficiency.
Impression of Ammunition Sorts
The desk under Artikels the potential affect of assorted ammunition varieties on the rifle’s efficiency. It is essential to keep in mind that these are simply examples, and real-world outcomes might fluctuate.
Ammunition Sort | Typical Accuracy | Efficiency Traits |
---|---|---|
Excessive-quality, match-grade ammo | Wonderful | Excessive accuracy, constant velocity |
Frequent, reasonably priced ammo | Good | Passable accuracy, reasonable velocity |
Low-quality, inconsistent ammo | Poor | Inconsistent accuracy, erratic velocity |
Sustaining and Optimizing Accuracy
Correct care and upkeep are essential to sustaining a Marlin 22 Magazine’s accuracy. Common cleansing, correct storage, and cautious dealing with contribute considerably to a rifle’s longevity and consistency.
- Cleansing: Common cleansing removes fouling, making certain the barrel’s inside is clear and freed from obstructions. Correct cleansing will considerably enhance accuracy.
- Storage: Storing the rifle in a managed setting protects it from moisture and mud, which may degrade the barrel’s accuracy. A gun case may help preserve the situation of the rifle.
- Dealing with: Dealing with the rifle with care and a focus to element may help preserve its accuracy. This includes correct grip, constant stance, and a conscious strategy to taking pictures.
Dealing with and Ergonomics

The Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifle, a preferred alternative for goal taking pictures and plinking, presents a novel mix of affordability and performance. Understanding its ergonomics is essential to maximizing its efficiency and delight. Correct dealing with interprets on to extra correct photographs and a extra satisfying taking pictures expertise. This part dives into the main points of the Marlin’s dealing with traits, highlighting areas of energy and potential areas for enchancment.The Marlin 22 Magazine’s inventory design is usually well-suited for a variety of shooters, however particular person preferences can fluctuate.
Its form and dimensions contribute to the general really feel and controllability of the rifle. Components just like the inventory’s size of pull, cheek weld, and total width all play a task in how snug and controllable the rifle is.
Inventory Design and Match
The Marlin 22 Magazine’s inventory is usually described as being reasonably sized. This could make it a cushty alternative for shooters of common construct, however probably much less excellent for these with very massive or very small palms. Variations within the inventory’s form and texture can affect the shooter’s grip and luxury. Some shooters discover the inventory’s materials, usually wooden, to be nice to the contact, whereas others may desire a extra textured or rubberized possibility.
A correct match is crucial for a secure and pleasant taking pictures expertise.
Customization for Improved Ergonomics
Modifying the rifle for enhanced dealing with is usually a private endeavor. There are quite a few equipment and inventory choices out there to fine-tune the rifle to suit the shooter’s particular wants and preferences.
- Shares: A wide range of aftermarket shares can be found, starting from extra ergonomic designs to these with enhanced options. These can usually enhance the rifle’s size of pull, cheek weld, and grip, which instantly impacts taking pictures consolation and accuracy. A well-fitting inventory reduces the quantity of effort required to carry the rifle regular, leading to improved accuracy and diminished fatigue.
A shooter with a smaller hand might discover a shorter inventory extra snug.
- Equipment: Equipment like adjustable cheek rests and pistol grips can drastically affect dealing with. Adjustable cheek rests present exact customization for head placement, enhancing each consolation and accuracy. Correct cheek weld is paramount for regular goal and shot placement.
- Modifications: Modifications like including a rubber butt pad can enhance the texture of the inventory and scale back recoil, resulting in a extra snug taking pictures expertise. This modification can contribute to extra constant shot placement and diminished discomfort throughout prolonged taking pictures classes. For instance, a shooter with a specific taking pictures stance may discover an adjustable buttstock extra snug to make use of.
Potential Areas for Enchancment
Whereas the Marlin 22 Magazine usually performs properly, there are potential areas for enchancment in its ergonomics. One space may very well be the inventory’s design, particularly by way of adaptability to varied shooter builds and preferences. One other potential space for enchancment is perhaps the design of the set off mechanism, which may very well be tailor-made for a lighter, crisper set off pull.
This might contribute to extra constant shot placement and improved accuracy.
Customizing the Rifle
The method of customizing a Marlin 22 Magazine for improved ergonomics includes a mixture of understanding your wants, researching out there choices, and making knowledgeable selections. Contemplate the next steps:
- Assess Your Wants: Establish the precise features of the rifle’s dealing with that you simply wish to enhance, akin to inventory match, grip consolation, or recoil discount.
- Analysis Choices: Totally examine totally different aftermarket shares, equipment, and modifications. Contemplate opinions and suggestions from different shooters.
- Trial and Error: If potential, check totally different choices earlier than committing to a purchase order. This lets you decide what feels most snug and efficient on your taking pictures fashion.
Upkeep and Troubleshooting
Preserving your Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifle in tip-top form is essential to constant efficiency and a protracted, glad life on your firearm. Correct upkeep isn’t just about holding it clear; it is about understanding its internal workings and anticipating potential issues earlier than they come up. This part dives deep into the important upkeep and troubleshooting procedures on your Marlin, making certain your taking pictures expertise is easy and pleasant.Sustaining a firearm is not rocket science, nevertheless it’s an important a part of accountable gun possession.
Understanding the correct cleansing strategies and recognizing widespread points will will let you hold your Marlin operating flawlessly, minimizing downtime and maximizing your taking pictures expertise. This information will present the information you want to hold your rifle in prime situation.
Cleansing Procedures
Common cleansing is paramount for stopping build-up of fouling and making certain correct taking pictures. This course of retains the rifle functioning easily and prolongs its lifespan. The next steps Artikel a complete cleansing process for the rifle’s numerous parts.
- Disassemble the rifle following the producer’s directions. Correct disassembly is crucial for thorough cleansing and prevents harm.
- Fastidiously clear all metallic elements utilizing an appropriate cleansing solvent and a mushy brush. Concentrate on eradicating any filth, particles, or fouling from the barrel, motion, and bolt. Keep away from utilizing harsh chemical substances that may harm the metallic.
- Totally lubricate the transferring elements with a top quality gun oil. This ensures easy operation and reduces put on and tear.
- Reassemble the rifle within the reverse order of disassembly, making certain all elements are correctly aligned and safe.
- Examine all parts for any indicators of harm or put on. Tackle any points instantly to forestall additional issues.
Frequent Points and Troubleshooting
Just a few points can come up with any firearm, together with the Marlin 22 Magazine. Understanding these widespread issues and their options will will let you effectively diagnose and resolve them, holding your taking pictures classes on monitor.
- Failure to Fireplace: This problem may stem from a number of elements, together with a jammed spherical, a malfunctioning firing pin, or an absence of lubrication. Confirm that the journal is correctly loaded and the motion is functioning accurately.
- Malfunctioning Bolt: A stiff or jammed bolt can hinder the rifle’s operation. Make sure the bolt is free to maneuver easily. If the issue persists, contemplate lubricating the bolt mechanism. If the bolt just isn’t transferring freely, the rifle is perhaps misaligned. Fastidiously verify the bolt’s alignment with the receiver.
- Barrel Points: Fouling, rust, or harm to the barrel can have an effect on accuracy and taking pictures efficiency. Thorough cleansing and inspection of the barrel are very important for resolving barrel-related points.
Troubleshooting Desk
This desk gives a fast reference for widespread issues and their options.
Downside | Answer |
---|---|
Failure to fireplace | Examine journal for correct loading, confirm firing pin perform, and guarantee lubrication |
Malfunctioning bolt | Guarantee bolt strikes easily, lubricate the bolt mechanism, and verify bolt alignment |
Barrel points (fouling) | Totally clear the barrel with acceptable cleansing solvent and brush |
Barrel points (harm) | Seek the advice of a professional gunsmith for repairs or alternative |
Sensible Functions and Makes use of

The Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifle, a preferred alternative for each seasoned shooters and newcomers, presents a flexible platform for numerous taking pictures actions. Its manageable measurement, reasonably priced worth, and dependable efficiency make it a lovely possibility for a variety of purposes. This part delves into the sensible makes use of of this rifle, contemplating its suitability for various disciplines, the authorized and moral concerns, and the way it compares to different 22 caliber rifles.This rifle’s accessibility and comparatively low price make it a wonderful alternative for introducing people to the taking pictures sports activities.
Its versatility spans past goal observe, encompassing small sport looking and leisure plinking. Moreover, understanding the authorized restrictions and moral concerns surrounding its use is paramount.
Goal Capturing
The Marlin 22 Magazine’s constant accuracy and comparatively easy dealing with make it a strong alternative for goal observe. Its easy motion and comparatively low recoil contribute to a satisfying taking pictures expertise, fostering talent growth and precision. Observe and dedication are key to attaining optimum accuracy, with the rifle’s inherent traits supporting this purpose. It’s well-suited for numerous goal taking pictures disciplines, from benchrest to 3-position taking pictures.
Small Recreation Looking
The Marlin 22 Magazine is an efficient software for looking small sport, notably in conditions the place its compact measurement and maneuverability are benefits. Its dependable efficiency and manageable recoil make it a viable possibility for hunters searching for an reasonably priced and efficient firearm for smaller quarry. Nevertheless, moral concerns akin to making certain a clear and swift kill are crucial, and correct dealing with strategies needs to be employed.
Thorough analysis into native looking rules and pointers for moral looking practices is significant.
Plinking
Plinking, the leisure taking pictures of targets, finds an appropriate companion within the Marlin 22 Magazine. Its versatility extends to this exercise, offering an economical technique of training marksmanship expertise and having fun with taking pictures sports activities. The rifle’s affordability makes it a lovely possibility for goal observe and for people searching for to hone their taking pictures talents. Its excessive capability journal and ease of operation contribute to an pleasant plinking expertise.
Authorized and Moral Issues
Secure dealing with and storage are essential when proudly owning any firearm. This rifle, like another, should be dealt with responsibly and saved securely to forestall accidents. All firearm homeowners should adhere to native and state legal guidelines regarding the possession, transportation, and use of firearms. Understanding and complying with these rules is paramount to avoiding authorized repercussions and selling protected practices.
Moreover, moral concerns concerning the humane therapy of animals throughout looking are paramount. Accountable taking pictures practices are essential for each private security and respect for wildlife.
Comparability to Comparable 22 Rifles
Whereas many 22 caliber rifles exist, the Marlin 22 Magazine presents a compelling mixture of affordability, reliability, and accuracy. In comparison with some costlier choices, the Marlin usually excels in worth for its efficiency. Different 22 caliber rifles might possess particular benefits by way of accuracy or dealing with, however the Marlin gives a well-rounded package deal for numerous taking pictures actions.
Components akin to weight, barrel size, and inventory design needs to be thought of when evaluating totally different rifles.
Secure Dealing with and Storage
The protection of firearms necessitates accountable dealing with and safe storage practices. At all times deal with each firearm as if it have been loaded, and by no means level a firearm at something you don’t intend to shoot. Correct storage in a locked protected or cupboard is crucial to forestall unauthorized entry and unintended discharges. Common cleansing and upkeep contribute to the rifle’s longevity and reliability.
Adhering to those security protocols is paramount for stopping accidents and making certain the protected enjoyment of taking pictures actions.
Evaluations and Comparisons
The Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifle has garnered a devoted following, usually praised for its affordability and reliability. Nevertheless, as with all firearm, understanding the nuances by way of person opinions and comparisons is essential for knowledgeable decision-making. Let’s delve into the views of those that’ve wielded this fashionable platform.
Person Evaluations and Views
Quite a few on-line boards and evaluation websites supply insights into the Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action. Frequent threads embrace feedback on its easy design, ease of use, and surprisingly constant accuracy, particularly at shut ranges. Customers incessantly spotlight the affordability as a key benefit, making it accessible to a broad vary of shooters.
- Many reward the rifle’s easy operation, noting the sleek motion and ease of dealing with, making it a wonderful alternative for rookies or these searching for a sensible, no-frills platform. They incessantly comment on the satisfying “click on” of the bolt.
- Some customers report accuracy points at longer ranges, that are usually attributed to variations in ammunition high quality and shooter approach. This emphasizes the significance of constant observe and correct taking pictures kind.
- Reliability is persistently lauded, with many customers reporting few malfunctions. This robustness is a major benefit, particularly for these on a finances or engaged in frequent taking pictures classes.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Marlin 22 Magazine
Based mostly on person suggestions, the Marlin 22 Magazine excels in affordability, ease of use, and usually dependable efficiency. Nevertheless, some potential weaknesses embrace less-than-stellar accuracy at longer ranges, probably requiring aftermarket upgrades for critical goal taking pictures. The shortage of superior options, usually present in costlier opponents, is one other consideration for these searching for specialised capabilities.
- Strengths: Affordability, easy operation, dependable efficiency, good for rookies.
- Weaknesses: Restricted accuracy at longer distances, fewer superior options.
Comparability to Competitor Fashions
In comparison with different entry-level 22-caliber bolt-action rifles, the Marlin usually stands out for its worth proposition. Rivals might supply barely enhanced options, however at a better worth level. As an example, some opponents incorporate adjustable sights or extra sturdy shares, whereas sustaining comparable accuracy and reliability. The Marlin, nonetheless, usually proves a extremely succesful possibility for these searching for a easy, dependable platform with out the added expense.
Marlin 22 Magazine Bolt-Motion Rifle Comparability Desk
Mannequin | Execs | Cons |
---|---|---|
Marlin Mannequin 60 | Inexpensive, dependable, easy design, appropriate for rookies | Accuracy could also be much less constant at longer ranges, fundamental options |
[Competitor Model 1] | Improved accuracy, adjustable sights | Larger worth, probably extra complicated operation |
[Competitor Model 2] | Ergonomic inventory, enhanced set off | Larger worth than the Marlin, barely extra complicated operation |
Total Expertise and Worth Proposition
The Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifle persistently earns excessive marks for its accessibility and practicality. It presents a strong taking pictures expertise at a budget-friendly worth, making it a preferred alternative for novice shooters, plinking, and leisure taking pictures. Whereas not probably the most correct or feature-rich possibility, its reliability and affordability incessantly outweigh the constraints for a lot of customers. The worth proposition stays sturdy, notably for these searching for a reliable, entry-level firearm.
Equipment and Customization
Unlocking the complete potential of your Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifle usually hinges on the appropriate equipment. Past the core performance, equipment improve accuracy, consolation, and flexibility, reworking your taking pictures expertise. From scopes to bipods, a wealth of choices await, tailor-made to particular person wants and preferences.
Frequent Equipment
A spread of equipment can dramatically enhance your Marlin 22 Magazine’s efficiency. These additions can improve accuracy, consolation, and security, catering to a wide range of taking pictures types and circumstances. Contemplate equipment that meet your particular wants and preferences, akin to goal taking pictures, looking, or plinking.
- Scopes: Scopes present magnified views, essential for exact goal acquisition at various distances. Totally different magnification ranges cater to totally different taking pictures wants. A 4x scope is perhaps excellent for plinking, whereas a 10x scope is best fitted to long-range goal observe.
- Bipods: Bipods stabilize the rifle, decreasing recoil and enhancing accuracy, particularly throughout sustained taking pictures classes. They’re particularly precious for benchrest taking pictures or when precision is paramount.
- Sights: Open sights, a elementary function, present a visible reference level for aiming. Changes to those sights permit for fast aiming and are helpful in low-light circumstances.
- Inventory modifications: Including a pistol grip, a cheek relaxation, or a special inventory can improve taking pictures consolation and management. A inventory with higher ergonomics is essential to extended taking pictures classes.
- Set off changes: Set off changes can considerably affect shot response time. Improved set off mechanisms present a extra constant and predictable shot.
Impression on Efficiency and Performance
Equipment considerably affect the rifle’s efficiency and performance. A high-quality scope, for instance, dramatically enhances accuracy and precision at longer ranges. Equally, a secure bipod interprets into extra constant photographs, decreasing shot-to-shot variation. The proper mixture of equipment will tailor your rifle to particular taking pictures wants.
Customization for Particular Wants
Customizing your Marlin 22 Magazine for particular wants includes rigorously contemplating the kind of taking pictures you propose to do. For instance, a hunter may prioritize a scope with a wider subject of view for rapidly recognizing sport, whereas a goal shooter may prioritize a scope with larger magnification for long-range accuracy. The selection of equipment ought to instantly correlate with the deliberate software.
Set up Strategies and Procedures
Correct set up of equipment is essential for each performance and security. Observe the producer’s directions meticulously for every accent. Guarantee a safe match to forestall slippage and malfunctions throughout use. Seek the advice of on-line sources or search steering from skilled shooters if wanted. Appropriate set up prevents future points and ensures optimum efficiency.
Standard Equipment and Their Capabilities
Accent | Operate |
---|---|
Scope | Offers magnified view for correct aiming at distance |
Bipod | Stabilizes the rifle for improved accuracy |
Open sights | Offers a visible reference level for aiming, notably in low-light circumstances |
Pistol grip | Enhances taking pictures consolation and management |
Set off adjustment | Improves shot response time and consistency |
Security Issues
The Marlin 22 Magazine bolt-action rifle, a preferred alternative for goal taking pictures and small sport looking, calls for accountable dealing with. Understanding and persistently making use of security precautions is paramount to stopping accidents and making certain the enjoyment of this firearm. Correct dealing with, storage, and understanding of authorized and moral tasks are essential features of protected firearm possession.Secure gun dealing with is not nearly guidelines; it is a mindset.
It is about treating each firearm as if it have been loaded, even if you’re completely sure it is not. This proactive strategy prevents tragic mishaps. A second of inattention can have devastating penalties.
Secure Gun Dealing with Procedures
Secure gun dealing with includes a collection of constant steps that should be adopted each time you deal with the rifle. These steps make sure the firearm is dealt with with the utmost care and respect.
“Deal with each firearm as if it have been loaded, even when it is not.”
- At all times level the muzzle in a protected route, away from your self and others. That is the elemental rule of firearm security. By no means level the barrel at something you do not intend to destroy.
- Maintain your finger off the set off till you’re able to shoot. This prevents unintended discharges.
- Make sure the motion is open and the chamber is empty earlier than dealing with the rifle.
- Maintain the firearm unloaded and disassembled when not in use. Unloading and disassembling the rifle when not in use is a crucial step to forestall accidents.
Storing the Rifle Securely
Safe storage is crucial to forestall unauthorized entry, notably for youngsters or people who may not perceive the dangers related to firearms.
- Retailer the rifle in a locked cupboard or protected, inaccessible to unauthorized people. That is important for sustaining protected gun possession practices.
- Disassemble the rifle and take away the ammunition earlier than storing it. That is an additional layer of security to forestall accidents.
- Think about using set off locks to additional limit entry. Set off locks are an additional security measure that may deter unintended shootings.
Security Ideas
Adhering to those pointers will improve your security and accountable gun possession.
“A second of carelessness can have lasting penalties.”
- By no means deal with a firearm whereas below the affect of medicine or alcohol. Your judgment and reflexes could be impaired, considerably growing the danger of accidents.
- Be sure that the realm the place you’re dealing with the firearm is evident of obstructions. An uncluttered setting is crucial to keep away from unintended discharges.
- By no means permit kids to deal with firearms. Kids aren’t geared up to know the dangers related to firearms, and their curiosity and lack of judgment could be harmful.
- Totally examine the rifle for any harm or malfunctions earlier than every use. Checking for harm or malfunctions is crucial to stopping accidents throughout taking pictures.
Authorized and Moral Obligations
Understanding and upholding the authorized and moral tasks related to firearm possession is crucial for accountable gun possession.
- Familiarize your self with all native, state, and federal legal guidelines concerning firearm possession. Totally different jurisdictions have various legal guidelines concerning firearms. Understanding these rules is crucial.
- Deal with all firearms with respect and duty, contemplating the potential for hurt. At all times be conscious of the potential for hurt when dealing with firearms.
- Be a accountable gun proprietor and retailer your firearm securely. Accountable storage is crucial to forestall accidents and unauthorized entry.